Direct current motor



Feb. 18, 1941. c. J. DEAL ETAL DIRECT CURRENT YOTOR 4 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Feb. 24, 1959 sldnlln Feb. 18, 1941. 3- J DEAL EAL 2,232,097

DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR Filed Feb. 24, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Feb. 19413..

DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR Filed Feb. 24, 1939 f Shams-Sheet 5 Feb. 18, 1941. c. J. DEAL ETAL Filed Feb. 24, 1939 Fm M mf F A m f o m.-\\ m Cw ,w m G O QQ @0 G@ o@ @o QQ. @mmu o@ S 0, S @H 0 S\ 0 m m Ow. xNN

Patented Feb. 18, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT GFFICE DIRECT CURRENT MOTOR Charles J. Deal and Lligtanzo, Santa Barbara,

Application February 24, 1939, Serial No. 258,275

4 Claims. (Cl. 172-36) This invention relates to direct current motors Figurel is a fragmentary side elevation of and has for an object to provide a. motor having the reversing mechanism. a diilerent number of poles on the rotor than on Figure 16 is a fragmentary View, showing the the stator so that dead centers will be eliminated. connection between the rotor coils and brushes.

A further object is to provide a direct current Referring 110W to the drawings in which like 5 Inotor having two annular rows 0f electro-magchai'aCteIS Of reference designate Similar parts nets on both the stator and the rotor, one annular in the various views, I0 designates a IOior drum row being of north polarity and the other of south which is keyed as shown at I I to the motor shaft polarity, thus increasing the magnetic flux with I2. The ends of the shaft are jOllrnaled in bearresultant increase in torque, ings I3 Which are mounted On Standards I4, b'eS 10 A further object is to provide an electric motor Shown in Figure 13, secured to a base I5. which will be formed of a few strong simple and The 10'601 drum iS provided With two annular durable parts, which will be inexpensive to manurows of pole pieces I6 and I1 preferably formed facture, and which will not easily get out of order. 0f pairs 0f laminated Sheets mounted on a com- With the above and other objects in View the mOn base plaie I8, SIS best ShOWn in Figure 9, 15 invention consists of certain novel details of con- Which are bolted or otherwise secured to the rotor struction and combinations of parts hereinafter drum, aS best ShOWn in Figure 1- fully described and claimed, it being understood In the form of the invention illustrated there that various modifications may be resorted 'to are 12 0f these D016 pieces in each I'OW extendwithin the scope of the appended claims withouty ing radially from the drum. The coils I9 and 2t 2O departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of the 0f each D21-i1 0f p01@ pieces Carried by a respecadvantages of the invention tive base plate, are Wound oppositely to each other In the accompanying drawings forming part of so that one annular row of electro-magnets will this specification, have north polarity While the other annular row Figure 1 is a side e1evation of an electric motor 0f electro-magnets will have lsouth polarity- 25 constructed in accordance with the invention, The stator ring 2l is Carried by e suitable frame, with portions broken away, mounted on the base I5, and comprising radially Figure 2 is across sectional view of the motor. disposed arms 22- The arms On one side of the Figure 3 is a, diagrammatic View Showing the frame radiate from a common center plate 23 wiring of the motor. which is orificed to receive the respective end of 30 Figure 4 is a front elevation of the distributor the Sha/fi? i2 While the arms 0n the other side and one of the brushes, parts of the distributor 0f the frame are Provided With spaced plates 24 being broken away. and 25 between which the support of the sta- Fignre 5 is an end elevation of the distributor tionary distributor hereinafter described, is

' and brush holder with parts broken away. mounted. 35

Figure 6 is a cross sectional view of a brush TWO annular rOWS 0f Dele pieces 2G and 2l are holder taken on the line 6 6 of Figure 4. mounted on the stator ring to confront the pole Figure 7 is a rear elevation of the distributor pieces 0f the TOOT- The StatOl D018 DieCeS are with parts broken away. also preferably formed of laminated material, the

Figure 8 is a cross sectional view of one of the pole pieces being arranged in pairs Secured to' a 40 rotor p 01e peces common base. plate 28, as best shown in Figures Figure 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of one l1 and 12 Whlch may be bolted O r otherwise Se' of the rotor pole pieces. curd to' thef stator ring. The coils 29 and 30 of eac palr o po e pieces are wound in opposite Stagruolleo ieasross sectmnal VIEW of one of the directions so that one annular row of stator eleo- 45 Y. tro-magnets is of north polarity While the other fF1gure ltl 1s a longitudinal sectional view of one annular row is of South polarity. The South 0 tile Sta 0I` P01@ P19685- polarity stator electro-magnets con-front the Flgllre 12 1 5 a bottom Dian View 0f 0n@ 0f the north polarity rotor electro-magnets as Abest stator pole pieces. shown in Figure 2. In the form of the invention 50 Figure 13 is a side elevation of the motor showillustrated there are 20 of these pole pieces in mii the re'singdmeohanisx. h i th eaclrow xtndingadially from the ring.

gure s a lagramma c View s ow ng e T e dis ri utor is stationary and is bolted stationary distributor moved one pole pitch to reto the inner end of a sleeve 32, as best shown in verse the motor. Figure 5. The sleeve is disposed concentric with 55 the shaft E 2 and is provided at the outer end with a flange 33 which is coniined between the two frame plates 24 and E5 previously mentioned, as best shown in Figure 2. The flange is held stationary by a T-head bolt 34 which is advanced against the inner plate 25. When the bolt is loosened the distributor may be rotated one pole pitch for reversing the motor as will be hereinafter described.

A copper ring 55, as best shown in Figure 5, is attached to the inner face of the distributor by bolts 36, twenty in number, in the present embodiment. The direct current is brought into the motor by attaching the positive lead 31 to this ring. Copper segments 3l, twenty in number in the present embodiment, are attached to the inner face of the distributor by the bolts 36 and are electrically connected to the copper ring by these bolts.

The ring is spaced laterally froml the segments by spacers 38 disposed on the bolts so that the segments are individually energized as in a conventional commutator. Segments 3B of insulating material are bolted to the inner face of the distributor by bolts 4Q, between the copper segments.

Likewise, twenty copper radially extending segments 4| are bolted to the outer face of the distributor as shown at 42 in Figure 4. These segments are staggered with respect to the segments 3'! cn the inner face of the distributor. Segments 45 of insulating material are bolted to the face of the distributor between these segments by bolts 45.

As best shown in Figure 1, three brush holders 47 are mounted on insulating brackets 48 which are bolted to the rotor drum l0, as shown at 49 in Figures 2 and 5. The brush holders rotate with the rotor and are arranged at an angular distance of 120 degrees apart in the present embodiment. Each brush holder is equipped with a pair of spring pressed brushes 5|) and 5| which have rubbing contact respectively with the copper segments S1 on the inner face of the distributor and with the copper segments 4| on the outer face of the distributor.

The brushes of each holder are electrically connected together by the metal of the brush holder or otherwise and it will be pointed out that the brushes are disposed in staggered relationship, as best shown in Figure 4, to correspond with the staggered relationship of the segments on the inner and outer faces of the distributor. Consequently, while the brush 50 will have rubbing contact with one of the segments 3l on the inner face, the other brush 5| will have rubbing contact with one of the segments on the outer face of the distributor.

The three brush holders revolve with the rotor drum and the brushes wipe over and make electrical contact with the copper segments of the stationary distributor. Current is supplied from the copper ring 35 through the brushes to the segments 4| on the outer face of the distributor and from these segments to the stator coils. The rotor coils are supplied with current direct from the brushes.

To each brush holder four rotor coils, degrees apart, are connected in parallel, as best shown diagrammatically by full lines in Figure 3. Reading progressively from left to right of the gure, coils |41|D are connected to brush A. Coils 2-5-8-H are connected to brush B. Coils S-E-S-IZ are connected to brush C. Thus when the motor is rotatedy clockwise brush- A will energize four coils 90 degrees apart when brush A is on one of the segments 3l,

The length of time or part of the revolution that the four coils will be energized depends upon the angular width of the segment 3l and on the thickness of the brushes. In the present embodiment of the invention the segments are one-third of the angular distance between center lines of successive pole pieces I6, in angular width, or one-third the polar pitch. The insulating segments 39 between the copper segments 31 are each two-thirds polar pitch in angular width, The brushes are slightly less in thickness than the copper segments. Thus the part of a revolution through which a brush and a segment are engaged is a distance of slightly less than two-thirds polar pitch. Four rotor electro-magnets are energized in sequence around the rotor each time the advancing edge of a brush makes contact to the instant the trailing edge leaves a copper segment.

Referring to Figures 1 and 4 it will be seen that from each distributor segment 4| a lead 42 is connected. The leads 42 are interconnected by annular wires 43, 44, 45, 4G and 4l', best shown in Figure l, the arrangement being such that any one brush when in Contact with a segment will energize four stator electro-magnets simultaneously, as best shown in Figure 3. Thus brush D will simultaneously energize the four electro-magnets shown in full lines, that is, reading from left to right coils 2 -`|--|2-|`|. Brush E Will energize coils 3-8-l3-I8. Brush F will energize coils 4-9|4-|9. 'I'hus four stator coils will be energized simultaneously 90 degrees apart when the brushes. progressively engage the stator segments on the stationary distributor.

Since the stator segments have a slight lead on the rotor segments the stator coils 90 degrees apart will be progressively energized shortly before opposed rotor coils at the same points.

Due to there being a different number of poles on therotor than on the stator, dead center is eliminated and also the attracting distance oi' working pairs of poles is reduced and the density of the magnetic llux greatly decreased.

As shown best in Figures 2 and 3 the brushes A, Band C are connected by respective leads 49, 50 and 5| to respective wires 52, 53 and 54 which latter each connect four rotor coils 99 degrees apart in parallel and these latter wires may be laid in a cable between the rotor coils or arranged in some other convenient manner.

The negative leads of the stator coils, as best shown in Figures 2 and 3, are connected to a common annular conductor 56 supported by radially disposed wires 5l which are secured to a plate 58 of insulating material carried by a flanged supporting ring 59 which is secured to the frame plate 23 at the opposite end of the shaft |2 from the distributor. The main negative lead 60 is connected to one oi these wires 51.

The negative leads 6| of the stator coils are connected to a brush holder 62 which is mounted on a plate 63 of insulation. The plate is bolted to the rotor drum |0. The brush G4 engages a collector ring 65 carried by the insulating plate 58, The securing bolts 65 of the collector ring are passed through the wires 51 to electrically connect the collector ring with the main negative lead 50.

In operation current from the main positive lead 3'Idivides at the brushes 50 and 5|, part passing to four rotor coils 9D degrees apart and part passing to four stator coils at the same points but with a slight lead on the rotor coils.v From these stator coils and rotor coils current passes to the negative lead 60 respectively through the wires 51 and collector ring 65. Energizing of these coils as described imparts rotation to the motor in either a clockwise'or counter-clockwise direction according to the setting of the reversing mechanism 34. For the purpose of a clear understanding of the operation certain of the rotor coils I9 in Figure 3 will be indicated by afiixing letters to the numerals, as shown at Illa, |911 and 19e. Similarly literal aixes will be given to certain of the stator coils 3l), such coils being shown at 30a, 30h and 30C,

and segments 31 and 4| will be likewise given literal aflixes. The rotor, in Figure 3, travels from left to right. As there shown contact or brush A is in engagement with positive feed segment 31a and brush D is similarly engaged with segment Ma. At` this instant the coils 30a will be slightly in advance of coils 19a and both will be energized so that magnetic iiux Will occur between coils 30a. and 19a tending to move the rotor to the right. As the rotor thus moves brush A will pass oli segment 31a and brush D will pass olf segment dla. Thereupon brush B will engage segment 31h and brush E will engage segment Mb. At this instant the rotor Will have moved so that the coils I9band 30D will occupy the same positions relative to each other as was formerly the case with coils 19a and 30a, that is, with coils 30h slightly in advance of coils I9a, so that the torque elect on the rotor again takes place since coils |911 and 30h are noW energized. Now the motion of the rotor causes brushes B and E to disengage from segments |911 and Alb and brushes C and F to engage segments 31e and llc energizing the coils I9c and 30o and continuing the torque. kContinued movement of the rotor disengages brushes C and F from contacts 31e and 4|c and brings brushes A and D into engagement with segments 31d and Md and the cycle above described repeats, the cycle restarting as the brush A and D advance from segment 31 to segment 31 and from segment 4| to segment 4I.

From the above description it is thought that the construction and operation of the invention Will be fully understood Without further explanation.

What is claimed is:

l. An electric motor comprising a stator provided with electro-magnets arranged in pairs, the coils of each pair being wound oppositely to each other, a rotor provided with a less number of radially disposed electro-magnets than the stator arranged in pairs and having the coils of each pair Wound oppositely to each other, coils of opposite polarity of the stator and the rotor confronting each other, a stationary distributor, laterally spaced annular series of segments on the distributor, the segments of one series being staggered with respect to the segments of the other series, each segment of one series being connected in parallel to a group of the stator coils the individual coils of which group are arranged at a predetermined angular distance apart, brush holders carried by and revolving with the rotor and disposed at a predetermined angular distance apart, brushes electrically connected together n each holder and having wiping contact with respective annular series of segments, a distributor ring on the distributor for supplying current to one series of segments, said brushes supplying current to the other series of segments for energizing the stator coils, each brush being connected in parallel to a respective group of the rotor coils the individual coils of which group are spaced the same angular distance apart as the individual coils of each stator group, and a common negative connection for the coils of both the stator and the rotor.

2. An electric motor comprising a stator provided With radially disposed electro-magnets arranged in pairs, the coils of each pair being wound oppositely to eachother to provide an annular series of stator electro-magnets of north polarity and an annular row of stator electromagnets of south polarity, a rotor provided with radially disposed electro-magnets arranged in pairs coaxial with the stator electro-magnets, the coils of each pair of rotor electro-magnets being wound oppositely to each other to provide an annular rowof electro-magnets of north polarity `confronting the annular row of south polarity stator electro-magnets and an annular row of south polarity electro-magnets confronting the annular row of north polarity stator electro-magnets, a stationary distributor, laterally spaced annular series of segments on the distributor, the segments of one series being staggered With respect to the segments of the other series, each segment of one series being connected in parallel to a group of the stator coils the individual coils of which group are arranged at a predetermined angular distance apart, brush holders carried by and revolving with the rotor and disposed at a predetermined angular distance apart, brushes electrically connected together in each holder and having wiping contact with respective annular series of segments, a distributor ring on the distributor for supplying current to one series of segments, said brushes supplying current to the other series of segments for energizing the stator coils, each brush being connected in parallel to a respective group of the rotor coils the individual coils of which group are spaced the same angular distance apart as the individual coils of each stator group, and a common negative connection for the coils of both the stator and the rotor.

3. An electric motor comprising a stator provided With electro-magnets arranged in pairs, the coils of each pair being wound oppositely to each other, a rotor provided with less number of radially disposed electro-magnets than the stator arranged in pairs and having the coils of each pair wound oppositely to each other, coils of opposite polarity of the stator and the rotor confronting each other, a stationary distributor, a mounting drum for the distributor having a flange, stationary plates between which the flange is yieldably received, means for adjusting the flange a predetermined angular distance to reverse the direction of the motor, laterally spaced annular series of segments on the distributor, the segments of one series being staggered With respect to the segments of the other series, each segment of one series being connected in parallel to a group of the stator coils the individual coils of which group are arranged at a lpredetermined angular distance apart, brush holders carried by and revolving with the rotor and disposed at a predetermined angular distance apart, brushes electrically connected together in each holder and having wipingfcontact with respective annular series of segments, a distributor ring on the distributor for supplying current to one series of segments, said brushes supplying current to the other series of segments for energizing the stator coils, each brush being connected in parallel to a respective group of the rotor coils the individual coils of which group are spaced the same angular distance apart as the individual coils of each stator group, and a common negative connection for the coils of both the stator and the rotor.

4. An electric motor comprising a stator provided With electro-magnets arranged in pairs, the coils of each pair being Wound oppositely to each other, a rotor provided with a less number of radially disposed electro-magnets than the stator arranged in pairs and having the coils of each pair wound oppositely to each other, coils of opposite polarity of the stator and the rotor confronting each other, a stationary distributor, laterally spaced annular series of segments on the distributor, the segments of one series being staggered With respect to the segments of the other series, each segment of one series being connected in parallel to a group of the stator coils the indlvidual coils of which group are arranged at a predetermined angular distance apart, brush holders carried by and revolving with the rotor and` disposed at a predetermined angular distance apart, brushes electrically connected together in each holder and having wiping contact with respective annular series of segments, a distributor ring on the distributor for supplying current to one series of segments, said brushes supplying current to the other series of segments for energizing the stator coils, each brush being connected in parallel to a respective group of the rotor coils the individual coils of which group are spaced the same angular distance apart as the individual coils of each stator group, a brush rotating asa unit with the rotor and to which the negative leads of the rotor coils are connected, a collector ring upon which the brush has wiping engagement, and a common negative connection for the ring and for the coils of the stator.

CHARLES J. DEAL. LUIGI MANZO. 

